See brain drain in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "Coined by spokesmen for the Royal Society of London in the early 1950s to describe the outflow of scientists and technologists to the United States and Canada.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brain drains",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brain drain (plural brain drains)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "brain gain"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "62 22 15 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Human migration",
"orig": "en:Human migration",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
49,
60
]
],
"ref": "1955, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Proceedings, Issues 6-12, page 60:",
"text": "Fortunately, the often-discussed problem of \"the brain drain\" is not as serious in agriculture as in most other fields, particularly the \"hard sciences.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
240,
251
]
],
"ref": "2023 October 4, Philip Haigh, “HS2's rising costs: government only has itself to blame”, in RAIL, number 993, page 53:",
"text": "Former HS2 Ltd chairman Sir David Higgins provided a timely reminder of why Britain needs HS2 in a letter to The Times on September 25, in which he asked: \"Why are so few FTSE 100 companies based outside the South East? Why is there such a brain drain of graduates from the North? Why do northern cities underperform compared with their European counterparts?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The migration of educated or talented people from less economically advanced areas to more economically advanced areas, especially to large cities or more developed nations."
],
"id": "en-brain_drain-en-noun-HtWb19cs",
"links": [
[
"migration",
"migration"
],
[
"educated",
"educated"
],
[
"talented",
"talented"
],
[
"advanced",
"advanced"
],
[
"developed",
"developed"
],
[
"nation",
"nation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(idiomatic) The migration of educated or talented people from less economically advanced areas to more economically advanced areas, especially to large cities or more developed nations."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "breindrein"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sq",
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ikje e trurit"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "hijratu l-ʔadmiḡa",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "هِجْرَةُ الأَدْمِغَة"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "hijratu l-ʕuqūl",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "هِجْرَةُ العُقُول"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "uġeġneri artahoskʻ",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "ուղեղների արտահոսք"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "beyin aхını"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "ucjéčka mazhów",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "уце́чка мазго́ў"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "adtók mazhów",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "адто́к мазго́ў"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "ucjóki mazhów",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "уцёкі мазго́ў"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "výcjek mazhów",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "вы́цек мазго́ў"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "medha pacar",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "মেধা পাচার"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "iztíčane na mózǎci",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "изти́чане на мо́зъци"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga de cervells"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fugida de cervells"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "réncái wàiliú",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "人才外流"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "réncái liúshī",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "人才流失"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odliv mozků"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hjerneflugt"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "braindrain"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "hersenvlucht"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kennisvlucht"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "cerbofuĝo"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "ajude äravool"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "aivovuoto"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "aivovienti"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuite des cerveaux"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"Quebec",
"masculine"
],
"word": "exode des cerveaux"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṭvinebis gadineba",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "ტვინების გადინება"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "brein-dreini",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "ბრეინ-დრეინი"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Braindrain"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gehirn-Abfluss"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Talentschwund"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "brikhát mokhót",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "בְּרִיחַת מוֹחוֹת"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "pratibhā palāyan",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "प्रतिभा पलायन"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "agyelszívás"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "atgervisflótti"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga dei cervelli"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga di cervelli"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "ずのうりゅうしゅつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "zunō ryūshutsu",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "頭脳流出"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"lang_code": "kn",
"roman": "pratibhā palāyana",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "ಪ್ರತಿಭಾ ಪಲಾಯನ"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "aqyl köşı",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "ақыл көші"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "頭腦流出",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "dunoeyuchul",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "두뇌유출"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "人材流出",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "injaeyuchul",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "인재유출"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"alt": "人的資源流出",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "injeokjawon yuchul",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "인적자원 유출"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "smadzeņu aizplūšana"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "briekingsdrieëg"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "protų nutekėjimas"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "odliv na mozoci",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "одлив на мозоци"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hjerneflukt"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-ira",
"roman": "farâr-e maġzhâ",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "فَرارِ مَغْزْها"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "drenaż mózgów"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga de cérebros"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "brain drain"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "drenare a inteligenței"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "utéčka mozgóv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "уте́чка мозго́в"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "utéčka umóv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "уте́чка умо́в"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "одлив мозгова"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "одљев мозгова"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "odliv mozgova"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "odljev mozgova"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odliv mozgov"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beg možganov"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga de cerebros"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "emigración de talentos"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kompetensflykt"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kunskapsflykt"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hjärnflykt"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "forskarflykt"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "talangflykt"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "firor-i maġzho",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "фирори мағзҳо"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "sà-mɔ̌ɔng-lǎi",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "สมองไหล"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "beyin göçü"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vídtík mízkiv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ві́дті́к мі́зків"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "dimāġī hijrat",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "دِماغی ہِجْرَت"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "dimāġī naql makānī",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "دِماغی نَقْل مَکانی"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 9",
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "chảy máu chất xám"
}
]
},
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{
"code": "ar",
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"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "hijratu l-ʔadmiḡa",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
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],
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},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"lang_code": "ar",
"roman": "hijratu l-ʕuqūl",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "هِجْرَةُ العُقُول"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "uġeġneri artahoskʻ",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "ուղեղների արտահոսք"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "beyin aхını"
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{
"code": "be",
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"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "ucjéčka mazhów",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "уце́чка мазго́ў"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "adtók mazhów",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "адто́к мазго́ў"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "ucjóki mazhów",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "уцёкі мазго́ў"
},
{
"code": "be",
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"lang_code": "be",
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"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "вы́цек мазго́ў"
},
{
"code": "bn",
"lang": "Bengali",
"lang_code": "bn",
"roman": "medha pacar",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "মেধা পাচার"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "iztíčane na mózǎci",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "изти́чане на мо́зъци"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga de cervells"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fugida de cervells"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "réncái wàiliú",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "人才外流"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"lang_code": "cmn",
"roman": "réncái liúshī",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "人才流失"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odliv mozků"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "hjerneflugt"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "braindrain"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "hersenvlucht"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "kennisvlucht"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "cerbofuĝo"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "ajude äravool"
},
{
"code": "fi",
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"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "aivovuoto"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "aivovienti"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
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],
"word": "fuite des cerveaux"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"Quebec",
"masculine"
],
"word": "exode des cerveaux"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "ṭvinebis gadineba",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "ტვინების გადინება"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"lang_code": "ka",
"roman": "brein-dreini",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"colloquial"
],
"word": "ბრეინ-დრეინი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Braindrain"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gehirn-Abfluss"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Talentschwund"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"lang_code": "he",
"roman": "brikhát mokhót",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "בְּרִיחַת מוֹחוֹת"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"lang_code": "hi",
"roman": "pratibhā palāyan",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "प्रतिभा पलायन"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "agyelszívás"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "atgervisflótti"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga dei cervelli"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga di cervelli"
},
{
"alt": "ずのうりゅうしゅつ",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "zunō ryūshutsu",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "頭脳流出"
},
{
"code": "kn",
"lang": "Kannada",
"lang_code": "kn",
"roman": "pratibhā palāyana",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "ಪ್ರತಿಭಾ ಪಲಾಯನ"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"roman": "aqyl köşı",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "ақыл көші"
},
{
"alt": "頭腦流出",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "dunoeyuchul",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "두뇌유출"
},
{
"alt": "人材流出",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "injaeyuchul",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "인재유출"
},
{
"alt": "人的資源流出",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "injeokjawon yuchul",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "인적자원 유출"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "smadzeņu aizplūšana"
},
{
"code": "li",
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "briekingsdrieëg"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "protų nutekėjimas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "odliv na mozoci",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "одлив на мозоци"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hjerneflukt"
},
{
"code": "fa-ira",
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa-ira",
"roman": "farâr-e maġzhâ",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "فَرارِ مَغْزْها"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "drenaż mózgów"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga de cérebros"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "brain drain"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "drenare a inteligenței"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "utéčka mozgóv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "уте́чка мозго́в"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "utéčka umóv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "уте́чка умо́в"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "одлив мозгова"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "одљев мозгова"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "odliv mozgova"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"Latin",
"masculine"
],
"word": "odljev mozgova"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "odliv mozgov"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"lang_code": "sl",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "beg možganov"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "fuga de cerebros"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "emigración de talentos"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kompetensflykt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "kunskapsflykt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "hjärnflykt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "forskarflykt"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "talangflykt"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"lang_code": "tg",
"roman": "firor-i maġzho",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "фирори мағзҳо"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"roman": "sà-mɔ̌ɔng-lǎi",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "สมองไหล"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "beyin göçü"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "vídtík mízkiv",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ві́дті́к мі́зків"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "dimāġī hijrat",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "دِماغی ہِجْرَت"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"lang_code": "ur",
"roman": "dimāġī naql makānī",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "دِماغی نَقْل مَکانی"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"sense": "emigration of educated people",
"word": "chảy máu chất xám"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Royal Society of London"
],
"word": "brain drain"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English multiword terms",
"English nouns",
"English reduplications",
"English rhyming compounds",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Albanian translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Bengali translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Iranian Persian translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Kannada translations",
"Terms with Kazakh translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Limburgish translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Tajik translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Vietnamese translations",
"en:Human migration"
],
"etymology_text": "Coined by spokesmen for the Royal Society of London in the early 1950s to describe the outflow of scientists and technologists to the United States and Canada.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brain drains",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brain draining",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brain drained",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brain drained",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brain-drain",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "brain drain (third-person singular simple present brain drains, present participle brain draining, simple past and past participle brain drained)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English idioms",
"English terms with uncommon senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"Of a nation or society, to be deprived of educated or talented people, who in turn migrate to larger cities or more developed nations."
],
"links": [
[
"nation",
"nation"
],
[
"society",
"society"
],
[
"deprive",
"deprive"
],
[
"educated",
"educated"
],
[
"talented",
"talented"
],
[
"migrate",
"migrate"
],
[
"large",
"large"
],
[
"cities",
"city"
],
[
"developed",
"developed"
],
[
"nation",
"nation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, idiomatic, uncommon) Of a nation or society, to be deprived of educated or talented people, who in turn migrate to larger cities or more developed nations."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"transitive",
"uncommon"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English idioms",
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with uncommon senses"
],
"glosses": [
"To become mentally or psychologically fatigued or exhausted."
],
"links": [
[
"mentally",
"mentally"
],
[
"psychologically",
"psychologically"
],
[
"fatigue",
"fatigue"
],
[
"exhausted",
"exhausted"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, idiomatic, uncommon) To become mentally or psychologically fatigued or exhausted."
],
"tags": [
"idiomatic",
"intransitive",
"uncommon"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"enpr": "brānʹ-drān"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-brain drain.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-brain_drain.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-brain_drain.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/47/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-brain_drain.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-brain_drain.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Royal Society of London"
],
"word": "brain drain"
}
Download raw JSONL data for brain drain meaning in English (21.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.